Akt，亦被稱為蛋白激酶B（PKB），是在如如葡萄糖代謝、凋亡、細(xì)胞增殖轉(zhuǎn)錄及細(xì)胞遷移等多種細(xì)胞過(guò)程中起到重要作用的一種絲氨酸/蘇氨酸特異性蛋白激酶。
家族成員
Akt1通過(guò)抑制凋亡過(guò)程從而參與細(xì)胞存活途徑。Akt1亦能誘導(dǎo)蛋白合成通路，故其在導(dǎo)致骨骼肌肥大及的一般組織生長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞通路中是一種重要信號(hào)蛋白。因其可以阻斷凋亡并繼而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞存活，現(xiàn)已表明Akt1在多種腫瘤中起到主要作用。Akt（先亦被稱為Akt1）首先是在轉(zhuǎn)化逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒AKT8中被鑒定為癌基因的[3]。
Akt2在胰島素信號(hào)通路中是一重要的信號(hào)分子。需要其來(lái)誘導(dǎo)葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。在敲除Akt1但具正常Akt2的小鼠中，血糖穩(wěn)態(tài)不受干擾，但動(dòng)物體型會(huì)較小，這與Akt1在生長(zhǎng)中起得作用是一致的。相反，Akt2缺失但具有正常Akt1的的小鼠生長(zhǎng)略缺陷且表現(xiàn)出糖尿病表型（胰島素抵抗），這從另一方面印證了Akt2對(duì)胰島素受體信號(hào)通路更具特異性的這一設(shè)想[4]。
Akt3似乎主要在腦中表達(dá)，但其作用仍未明晰。有報(bào)道顯示Akt3缺失的小鼠腦部較小[5]。
參考文獻(xiàn)
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 PDB 3MV5; Freeman-Cook KD, Autry C, Borzillo G, Gordon D, Barbacci-Tobin E, Bernardo V, Briere D, Clark T, Corbett M, Jakubczak J, Kakar S, Knauth E, Lippa B, Luzzio MJ, Mansour M, Martinelli G, Marx M, Nelson K, Pandit J, Rajamohan F, Robinson S, Subramanyam C, Wei L, Wythes M, Morris J. Design of selective, ATP-competitive inhibitors of Akt. J. Med. Chem.. June 2010, 53 (12): 4615–22. doi:10.1021/jm1003842. PMID 20481595.
- ↑ PDB 3D0E; Heerding DA, Rhodes N, Leber JD, Clark TJ, Keenan RM, Lafrance LV, Li M, Safonov IG, Takata DT, Venslavsky JW, Yamashita DS, Choudhry AE, Copeland RA, Lai Z, Schaber MD, Tummino PJ, Strum SL, Wood ER, Duckett DR, Eberwein D, Knick VB, Lansing TJ, McConnell RT, Zhang S, Minthorn EA, Concha NO, Warren GL, Kumar R. Identification of 4-(2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-ethyl-7-{[(3S)-3-piperidinylmethyl]oxy}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (GSK690693), a novel inhibitor of AKT kinase. J. Med. Chem.. September 2008, 51 (18): 5663–79. doi:10.1021/jm8004527. PMID 18800763.
- ↑ Staal SP, Hartley JW, Rowe WP. [http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC431413/ Isolation of transforming murine leukemia viruses from mice with a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoma]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. July 1977, 74 (7): 3065–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.7.3065. PMID 197531. PMC 431413.
- ↑ Garofalo RS, Orena SJ, Rafidi K, Torchia AJ, Stock JL, Hildebrandt AL, Coskran T, Black SC, Brees DJ, Wicks JR, McNeish JD, Coleman KG. [http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164287/ Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2/PKB beta]. J. Clin. Invest.. July 2003, 112 (2): 197–208. doi:10.1172/JCI16885. PMID 12843127. PMC 164287.
- ↑ Yang ZZ, Tschopp O, Baudry A, Dümmler B, Hynx D, Hemmings BA. Physiological functions of protein kinase B/Akt. Biochem. Soc. Trans.. April 2004, 32 (Pt 2): 350–4. doi:10.1042/BST0320350. PMID 15046607.
深入閱讀
- Los M, Maddika S, Erb B, Schulze-Osthoff K. [http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2954189/ Switching Akt: from survival signaling to deadly response]. BioEssays. May 2009, 31 (5): 492–5. doi:10.1002/bies.200900005. PMID 19319914. PMC 2954189.
- Quaresma AJ, Sievert R, Nickerson JA. [http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623641/ Regulation of mRNA export by the PI3 kinase/AKT signal transduction pathway.]. Mol. Biol. Cell.. 2013, April (8): 1208-21. doi:10.1091/mbc.E12-06-0450. PMID 23427269. PMC 3623641.
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