疊氮甲烷

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疊氮甲烷（CH₃N₃）是烷基疊氮化物的一種，它們都屬于疊氮酸的共價型衍生物。疊氮甲烷是一種直線型分子。根據(jù)共振式，中間的氮原子的兩對成鍵電子顯然是直線形排列的，但與甲基相連的氮原子卻有三對孤對電子：H₃C-N=N⁺=N^- ? H₃C-N^--N⁺≡N 。^[1]

它可以由疊氮化鈉的甲基化反應(yīng)制得。該物質(zhì)最早于1905年制得。^[2] 它以如下的一級反應(yīng)分解：CH₃N₃ → CH₃N + N₂。^[3]

無生源論認(rèn)為，疊氮甲烷可能是在星際冰中由高能銀河宇宙射線和光子合成分子的前體之一。^[4]

安全措施

疊氮甲烷在常溫時穩(wěn)定但加熱時可能爆炸。^[5] 汞的存在將增加它對震動和火花的敏感度。它與丙二酸二甲酯、甲醇鈉、汞、甲醇、疊氮化鈉、硫酸二甲酯、氫氧化鈉、疊氮酸不能共存。加熱分解時產(chǎn)生有毒的氮氧化物氣體。

↑ Pauling, Linus, Brockway, O.; The Adjacent Charge Rule and the Structure of Methyl Azide, Methyl nitrate, and Fluorine nitrate; JACS, 1937, 59 (1), pp 13-20 DOI:10.1021/ja01280a005
↑ Dimroth, O. and Wislicenus, W.; Chemische Berichte ; 38, 1573 (1905)
↑ O'Dell, M.S. and Darwent B. Thermal decomposition of methyl azideCanadian Journal of Chemistry, 48, 1140 (1970)
↑ Alfredo Quinto-Hernandez and Alec M. Wodtke, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara; Chris J. Bennett, Y. Seol Kim, and Ralf I. Kaiser; Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa; On the Interaction of Methyl Azide (CH3N3) Ices with Ionizing Radiation: Formation of Methanimine (CH2NH), Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), and Hydrogen Isocyanide (HNC) ; Journal of Physical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/jp103028v Publication Date (Web): December 17, 2010
↑ Bretherick's handbook of reactive chemical hazards; edited by P. G. Urben

Graner, G., Hirota, E., Iijima, T., Kuchitsu, K., Ramsay,D. A., Vogt, J., Vogt,N.: CH3N3 Methyl azide. Kuchitsu, K. (ed.). SpringerMaterials - The Landolt-B?rnstein Database [1] DOI: 10.1007/10653318_320
NIST Webbook

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